Introduction
In 2020, the 44-Day War profoundly redesigned the dynamics of a protracted conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The final victory was made by Azerbaijan over the region in September 2023, and the ethnic Armenian population residing in the area finally set out for an exodus to Armenia. The fighting between Azerbaijan and Armenia not only impacted the two states, but ripple effects reached the neighboring states and affected the whole region. The fighting was linked to decades-old waves of anger over control of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, internationally acknowledged as an area of Azerbaijan.1 After a full-scale war in 2020, both Azerbaijan and Armenia alongside Russia, signed a tripartite declaration of the ceasefire, in which both also conceded to build a corridor to connect the territory of Azerbaijan to its exclave in Nakhchivan.2 However, Armenia has started to renege on the provisions of the agreement, generating new tension in the region.
